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Big Banks Brace for Catastrophic Climate Change by 2025

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By Cameron Aldridge

Big Banks Brace for Catastrophic Climate Change by 2025

Photo of author

By Cameron Aldridge

Wall Street’s Climate Predictions

Major financial institutions on Wall Street are bracing for a future where global warming significantly exceeds internationally agreed-upon limits. According to various industry documents, these firms anticipate that efforts to keep global temperature increases below 2 degrees Celsius compared to preindustrial levels are likely to fall short.

These insights have been shared in detailed reports aimed at clients, investors, and trade associations, largely published following the reelection of President Donald Trump. Trump’s administration has pushed to dismantle federal support for renewable energy sources while encouraging the production of fossil fuels, which are primary contributors to climate change.

Recent analyses by organizations such as Morgan Stanley, JPMorgan Chase, and the Institute of International Finance suggest that the target of limiting global warming is no longer seen as achievable. These reports outline how leading financial entities plan to remain profitable as the planet experiences rising temperatures and associated impacts.


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This month, analysts at Morgan Stanley openly declared their expectation of a world warming by 3°C, attributing this to recent hindrances in global decarbonization initiatives.

This alarming forecast predicts a future where severe droughts and crop failures become common, sea levels rise significantly, and tropical regions face prolonged periods of extreme heat and humidity. These conditions pose life-threatening risks, particularly for outdoor workers.

Despite the global ambition under the Paris Agreement to cap temperature rises at well below 2 degrees Celsius, the U.S. has pulled out of the accord under Trump’s leadership. Scientists caution that surpassing the 1.5 degrees threshold, which occurred last year for the first time, could trigger catastrophic climate changes including the destruction of coral reefs vital for food security and coastal protection.

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A routine report on the future of the air conditioning market, released to Morgan Stanley’s clients on March 17, included their prediction that a 3-degree rise in global temperatures could potentially double the growth rate of the $235 billion cooling industry from 3% to 7% annually by 2030.

Gautam Jain, a former investment banker and now a senior research scholar at Columbia University, noted that Wall Street’s grim climate projections are partly a response to the current political climate but also a pragmatic business decision.

As greenhouse gas levels continue to climb and international commitments falter, major banks like Wells Fargo are retreating from earlier climate commitments and leaving initiatives like the Net-Zero Banking Alliance, which is backed by the United Nations and promotes emission reductions in line with the Paris Agreement.

Morgan Stanley, which recently diluted its climate-related financing goals, has declined to comment on these changes.

The acknowledgment of a likely dire future due to continued high emissions is both a recognition of reality and a politically calculated stance in Trump’s ongoing presidential term, according to Jain.

Adjusting Financial Goals

In a February briefing by a trade association, industry leaders argued that financial institutions should recalibrate their objectives, acknowledging that the Paris Agreement targets are now unattainable.

Both the Institute of International Finance and energy analysis firms like the Rhodium Group and the Climate Action Tracker have underscored that the world is off course to limit warming to below 2°C, with the 1.5°C target nearly impossible to meet.

Financial institutions are advised to adjust their targets to reflect these new realities, with a focus on managing reputational risks and aligning stakeholder views on how to proceed under these circumstances.

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According to Mary Kate Binecki, a spokesperson for the Institute of International Finance, the financial sector can support the transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy, but significant capital shifts will only occur when it is economically viable. The institute represents global members including giants like JPMorgan and Morgan Stanley.

JPMorgan, recognized as the world’s most valuable bank, has been informing investors of its approach to evaluating climate risks through detailed annual reports since 2022. In these documents, the bank outlines its investment strategy assuming global warming scenarios ranging from 2.7 to over 3 degrees Celsius by century’s end.

In JPMorgan’s latest publication from late November, CEO Jamie Dimon emphasized the necessity of constructive government policies and leadership to facilitate a transition to cleaner energy, while subtly pointing out the potential slowing effects of current political leadership on climate progress.

While JPMorgan conducts stress tests on its investments across various climate scenarios, it maintains a commitment to achieving net-zero emissions by 2050, aligning with the goals of the Paris Agreement.

Jain, reflecting on Wall Street’s approach, noted that these financial projections are not just speculative but are grounded in scientific research and current trends.

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